which用法和例题讲解

GMAT句子改错高频考点 | which用法+例题讲解

　　说到which，大部分同学自然就会想到：“，which”就近修饰前面的名词，但是也有跳跃的情况;还有的情况是介词+which;另外，有的题目需要同学们去判断要用which引导还是with引导。下面我们就以上提到情况一一举例分析。

　　一、which就近修饰

　　大多数情况下，N,which 这样情况中，逗号which就近修饰前面的名词逻辑关系错，例如：

　　According to scientists who monitored its path, an expanding cloud of energized particles ejected from the Sun recently triggered a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, which brightened the Northern Lights and also possibly knocking out a communications satellite.

　　A. an expanding cloud of energized particles ejected from the Sun recently triggered a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, which brightened the Northern Lights and also possibly knocking

　　B. an expanding cloud of energized particles ejected from the Sun was what recently triggered a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, and it brightened the Northern Lights and also possibly knocked

　　C. an expanding cloud of energized particles ejected from the Sun recently triggered a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, brightening the Northern Lights and possibly knocking

　　D. a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, recently triggered by an expanding cloud of energized particles, brightened the Northern Lights and it possibly knocked

　　E. a large storm in the magnetic field surrounding Earth was recently triggered by an expanding cloud of energized particles, brightening the Northern Lights and it possibly knocked

　　原句的, which就近修饰名词Earth，逻辑语义错。

　　诸如此类, which就近修饰导致语义错的例题还有很多，在这里就不一一例举了，但是也有

　　, which就近修饰合理的，例如：

　　In the seventh century B.C., the Roman alphabet was adapted from the Etruscan alphabet, which in turn had been adapted in the previous century from a western Greek alphabet, which itself had been adapted earlier in the same century from the Phoenician alphabet.

　　A. which itself had been adapted earlier

　　B. adapting itself earlier

　　C. itself being adapted earlier

　　D. having been earlier adapted itself

　　E. earlier itself having been adapted

　　这道题正确答案选A，第一个, which就近修饰Etruscan alphabet，第二个, whic就近修饰Greek alphabet，逻辑合理，which后的itself是反身代词，此处做主语的同位语。

　　二、跳跃修饰

　　Which引导从句本质上作定语，定语从句修饰先就近后跳跃，

　　例如下题：

　　There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid in the wall in mud mortar.

　　A. the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid

　　B. forming the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them

　　C. having bricks formed from mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they were laid

　　D. to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them

　　E. that bricks were formed from mud or clay, which, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, were laid

　　这道题的E选项，which后面双逗号之间是插入语不看，那就是which were ...，复数的谓语动词对应复数的主语，所以which要跳跃mud or clay 修饰前面的名词bricks。

　　三、in which VS where

　　在SC的选项里，一般出现where的大多都会出现 in which，这时候常常需要你去判断应该选用where还是in which，

　　举个例子：

　　El Niño, the periodic abnormal warming of the sea surface off Peru, a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine allowing the warm water that has accumulated in the western Pacific to flow back to the east.

　　A. a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine allowing the warm water that has accumulated

　　B. a phenomenon where changes in the ocean and atmosphere are combining to allow the warm water that is accumulating

　　C. a phenomenon in which ocean and atmosphere changes combine and which allows the warm water that is accumulated