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关于despair用法的小结

despair的用法

  ◆但失败并没有使他绝望。

  误:But failure didn’t drive him to despairs.

  正:But failure didn’t drive him to despair.

  析:despair(失望,绝望)是不可数名词。

  ◆他使许多别的钢琴家望尘莫及。

  误:He is a despair for many other pianists.

  正:He is the despair of many other pianists.

  析:the despair of sb 是一固定结构,意为“令某人毫无办法” 或“令某人望尘莫及”。又如:This boy is the despair of all his teachers.(这个男孩使他所有的老师感到束手无策)。

  ◆他们不抱比赛获胜的希望。

  误:They were despaired of winning the game.

  正:They despaired of winning the game.

  析:despair 用作动词,是不及物的,其意为“失望”、“绝望” 等,而不是“使失望”、“使绝望”,所以不用于被动语态。要表示“对...感到绝望或丧失信心”,其后通常用介词 of,又如:Never despair of success.(千成不要丧失获得成功的信心)。

关于 despair 用法的小结

  作为名词时,最常见的用法是 in despair。

  I spent hours trying to fix the TV, but gave up in despair.

  I'm in despair.

  Failures repeating failures throw him in despair but no one is capable of helping him.

  还有一种名词用法 be the depair of sb。

  He's the despair of his parents because he shows no interest in getting a job.

  My handwriting was the despair of my teachers.

  作为动词时,despair 是不及物动词 (Intransitive verb)

  We should not despair.

  Don't despair! We'll find a way out!

  Despite his illness, Ron never despaired.

  知识补充:despair在过去有及物动词的用法但已经过时了,字典上标记为obsolete. 不可当及物动词使用。

  这里注意看例句,Ron never despaired 而不是说 Ron is never despaired。despaired不能作为形容词使用。Despair就人类而言,包含着主动的意味。例如 I danced. 不可以说 I was danced。说 I was danced· 这很可笑,不是吗?

  说到这里可能会联想到 I was satisfied. Satisfy就人类,包含着被动的意味。某事/某物 satify 某人,所以某人 be satisfied。事实上 satisfied 在这里是当作形容词用的。这两个词的用法很不一样,不是吗?

  如果要表示对某事/某人感到绝望,应该用词组 despair of

  I despair of it.

  If you despair of something, you feel that there is no hope that it will happen or improve.

  If you despair of someone, you feel that there is no hope that they will improve.

  华生在战场上中弹,在医院刚能活动,晒晒太阳的时候,又被伤寒击倒了,

  这时,回过去头去看文章开头的例句:

  For months my life was despaired of, and when at last I came to myself and became convalescent, I was so weak and emaciated that a medical board determined that not a day should be lost in sending my back to England.

  几个月来 my life 也就是 Watson's life was despaired of. 这里是一个被动句式。

  结合上下文这里指的是医生们 despaired of his life 时, 意味着 He wasn't expected to survive。

near的用法以及是否后接介词to

  1. 用作形容词,意为“临近的”;用作副词,意为“在附近”;用作介词,意为“在……附近”。如:

  Christmas is getting near. 圣诞节快要到了。

  They live quite near. 她们住得相当近。

  Our school is near the river. 我们学校在河的附近。

  2. 由于可同时用作介词和形容词,所以要表示“靠近某处”,其后可以连用介词 to, 也可以不用;从使用的具体情况来看,near之后不用to的情况居多;而nearer, nearest 之后用介词 to 的情况居多。如:

  He stood near (to) the door. 他站在门附近。

  Who lives nearest (to) the school? 谁家离学校最近?

  I tried to get nearer (to) the fire. 我试图向火边靠近些。

  Call me again nearer (to) the time of the meeting. 接近开会的时候再给我来个电话。

  若用于引申用法,则通常带有介词to。如:

  She was [came] near to tears. 她差点儿哭了。

  由于其中的to是介词,所以后接动词时要用动名词。如: